Phobias and Addictions Related to Classical and Operant...

Phobias and Addictions as Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning Introduction People can become conditioned to respond to various stimuli in positive and negative ways, including phobias and addictions. In order to better understand how stimuli elicit phobic or addictive responses, this paper provides a discussion concerning phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditioning, including explorations of how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. A comparison of classical and operant conditioning is followed by an explanation concerning what extinction means and how it is achieved in both classical and operant conditioning. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings are presented in the conclusion. Review and Discussion How phobias can be developed through classical conditioning In a classical, or Pavlovian, conditioning experiment, an unconditioned stimulus, such as a loud, jarring noise, refers to a stimulus that is capable of evoking an unconditioned response from a subject, such as fear. Over time, phobias can develop through classical conditioning when another, neutral stimulus, such as a light, is paired with the unconditioned stimulus repeatedly, the light (now termed the conditioned stimulus) can also evoke similar responses to the unconditioned stimulus did for the loud noise. The phobic response to the conditioned stimulus is calledShow MoreRelatedClassical and Operant Conditioning on Phobias and Addictions1331 Words   |  5 PagesClassical and operant conditioning on phobias and addictions Introduction Phobia in clinical psychology context is an irrational fear of something or situation. The person suffering from phobia will try their best to avoid their phobia. In the extreme case that the person suffering from the phobia cannot avoid it, they will attempt to endure through the situation with a lot of distress ADDIN EN.CITE Swanson1986158(Swanson, 1986)15815817Swanson, Guy E.Phobias and Related Symptoms: Some Social SourcesSociologicalRead MoreRespondent and Instrumental Conditioning as Related to Phobias and Addictions1004 Words   |  5 PagesRespondent and Instrumental Conditioning as related to Phobias and Addictions Many people who suffer from phobias also suffer from addictions. This is largely due in part to the reluctance to seek professional treatment for the phobia. People turn to other means to cope with their phobias which in turn leads to addictions. Dependence is such an issue with addiction that stopping is very difficult and causes severe physical and mental reactions. 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